ULwimi nenguqu yenkqubo yezomthetho

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2005-02-03

i-MAG

ULwimi nenguqu yenkqubo yezomthetho
INTETHO
ekhutshwe
nguMBUTHO WEELWIMI EZININZI (I-MAG)*
ngo-24 Januwari, 2005

Isishwankathelo sesigqeba
(Ingxelo epheleleyo iyalandela)

UMbutho weeLwimi eziNinzi (i-MAG) uye waqaphela ingxoxo-mikiswano eqhubayo ngolwimi kwinkundla zomthetho zethu kwanezindululo ezilindelekileyo kumgaqo-nkqubo kulo mba yikomiti yeejaji zeSebe lezoBulungisa.

- Kwimvelaphi yoMgaqo-siseko weRiphabliki yoMzantsi Afrika,
- kumdla wengqu yenkqubo yethu yezomthetho,
- ngokubhekiselele kwiSiseko soMgaqo-nkqubo woLwimi weSizwe,
- ukunika ingqwalasela kwiZikhokelo zePan South African Language Board zoCwangciso loLwimi noPhuhliso loMgaqo-nkqubo, kunye
- nangenxa yenkqubo esebenza ngakumbi nenobulungisa yezomthetho kunye nomsebenzi wezomthetho ofaka ngaphakthi kuwo ubulungisa nomoya woMgaqo-siseko

senza isimemelelo esizimiseleyo kwiSebe lezoBulungisa kunye neKomiti yeejaji ekufuneka icebise iSebe ngomgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi weenkundla zomthetho ukuba zamkele oku kulandelayo njengamanqaku okuqalisa kunye neemfuno ezibubuncinane zomgaqo-nkqubo onjalo:

1. Lulunye kwiilwimi ezili-11 ezisemthethweni lungasetyenziswa njengolwimi lonxibelelwano kuzo zonke iinkundla zomthetho, nguye nabani na, kuyo yonke imisebenzi, kuquka izigwebo, iingxoxo ezibekwa ngabathetheleli kwezomthetho, amaxwebhu enkundla, kwanokunika ubungqina.

2. Ukuba ubani obandakanyeka etyaleni akalulandeli olunye lweelwimi ezisetyenziswayo, itoliki kufuneka abonelelwe ngayo loo mntu.

3. Izigwebo, iingxoxo zabathetheleli kwezomthetho, amaxwebhu enkundla kunye nobungqina abutolikwa buguqulelwe esiNgesini okanye esiBhulwini (okanye olunye ulwimi) xa bunikezelwa ngolunye ulwimi olusemthethweni olulandelwa ngabo bonke ababandakanyeka etyaleni.

4. Izigwebo ezixelwayo mazipapashwe kubuncinane kwiilwimi ezimbini ezisemthethweni, olunye ekufuneka ibe lulwimi esithe isigwebo sanikezelwa ngalo.

5. Kumatyala apho inkonzo yotoliko isetyenziswa, imizuzu yeenkqubo zenkundla mayibanjwe ngolwimi okanye iilwimi ezisetyenziswe kwiinkqubo endaweni yolwimi okanye iilwimi ezitolikwa ngazo.

6. Ulwazi ekufuneka lubonelelwe kubani yinkundla kufuneka lubonelelwe ngolwimi okanye iilwimi ezilandelwa ngulo mntu.

7. Xa kusonyulwa, kusonyuselwa okanye kubekwa iijaji, iimantyi nabatshutshisi boluntu, usetyenziso lweelwimi ezininzi – ukutsho oko ulwazi lweelwimi ezininzi ezisemthethweni – luthatyathwa njengesindululo esiphambili, kwaye nokuba ingqwalasela iyanikezelwa kwiilwimi ezimelwe kakhulu, ngokwenani labantu balo ndawo, apho umntu aza kuba exelenga khona.

8. Xa kunikwa uxanduva lwamatyala, isakhono sejaji, semantyi okanye umtshutshisi woluntu okanye ukusilela kwesakhono sabo kulwimi okanye iilwimi ezifanelekileyo kuthatyathelwa ingqalelo.

9. Icandelo leelwimi ezininzi lingeniswa kuqeqesho lweengcali zezomthetho, kwaye nemfuno yeelwimi ezininzi iyaqukwa kwiimeko zokungena (okutsha) kwikhono lezomthetho.

10. Iyunithi enemithombo eyeneleyo neyobungcali yolwimi mayisekwe ukuncedisa iinkundla ngoguqulo lweerekhodi zeenkundla zezomthetho kunye namaxwebhu asezinkundleni kunye noshicilelo lwemizuzu kananjalo nophononongo kwanolungiso lomgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi ezinkundleni.

11. Amathuba amaninzi nangcono oqeqesho nophakanyiso lwenziwa lube khona kwiitoliki zasezinkundleni zomthetho; inani leetoliki zasezinkundleni zomthetho landiswe, kwaye intlawulo-mivuzo yazo iphuculwe.

12. UCwangciso luqhutywa ngembono yosetyenziso ekugqibeleni lwazo zonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni njengeelwimi ezisebenzayo kuqeqesho lwezomthetho kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo kwanobonelelo lwesigama sezomthetho kunye nezixhobo zokufunda kuzo zonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni.

13. Unyamezelwano nosetyenziso olukhulu lweyantlukwano kwiilwimi ngala manyathelo angentla lubonwa kwaye luthatyathwa njengesakhi esibalulekileyo senkqubo yonikezelo lwamathuba kwabo babewavinjiwe ngaphambili kwikhono lezomthetho kwanenguqu kwibhentshi.

Okokugqibela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba inkqubo equkayo neyedemokrasi yoboniswano loluntu iqaliswe phambi kokuba izigqibo ezihambele phambili zenziwe malunga nolwimi ezinkundleni zezomthetho.

Sikhutshwe ngu:

Mhlobo Jadezweni (usihlalo),
Alet van Huyssteen (usekela-sihlalo),
Annette Humphries Heyns (unondyebo),
Gerrit Brand (unobhala),
Werner Scholtz (igosa lezoqhagamshelwano),
Pedro Dausab, kunye
noZanele Mbude

egameni loMbutho weeLwimi eziNinzi (i-MAG)

*Xa ufuna ulwazi oluthe vetshe nge-MAG, yiya ku www.imag.org.za.

(Ingxelo epheleleyo iyalandela kwiphepha elilandelayo)

Ingxelo epheleleyo:
ULwimi nenguqu yenkqubo yezomthetho
INGXELO
Ikhutshwe
nguMBUTHO WEELWIMI EZININZI (I-MAG)*
ngo-24 Januwari, 2005

UMbutho weeLwimi eziNinzi (i-MAG) uye wayiqaphela ingxoxo-mpikiswano eqhubayo ngolwimi kwiinkundla zethu zezomthetho kwanezindululo ezilindelekileyo ngomgaqo-nkqo kulo mba yikomiti yeejaji kwiSebe lezoBulungisa.

Phantsi kwemvelaphi yoMgaqo-siseko weRiphabliki yoMzantsi Afrika (uMthetho 108 ka-1996), othi:

- Iilwimi ezisemthethweni zeRiphabliki yoMzantsi Afrika siSepedi, iSesotho, iSetswana, isiSwati, iTshivenda, iXitsonga, isiBhulu, isiNgesi, isiNdebele, isiXhosa nesiZulu [icandelo 6(1)].

- Uqonda usetyenziso nesidima esinciphileyo seelwimi zemveli zabantu bethu, umbuso mawuthabathe amanyathelo asebenzayo nanenzuzo ukuphakamisa isidima uze uqhubele phambili ezi lwimi [icandelo 6(2)].

- Urhulumente kazwelonke noorhulumente bamaphondo bangasebenzisa iilwimi ezisemthethweni ezithile ngeenjongo zikarhulumente, bethabathela ingqalelo, ngokusebenzayo, inkcitho, iimeko zengingqi kwanolungelelaniso lweemfuno nokuthandwa ngabantu bendawo bebonke okanye kwiphondo elichaphazelekayo; kodwa urhulumente kazwelonke kwanorhulumente ngamnye wephondo makasebenzise ubuncinane iilwimi ezimbini ezisemthethweni [icandelo 6(3)(a)].

- Urhulumente kazwelonke noorhulumente bamaphondo, ngamanyathelo ezomthetho okanye angamanye, mabamisele baze baphonononge usetyenziso lweelwimi ezisemthethweni. Ngaphandle ezisemthethweni mazifumane ukulingana ngokwesidima kwaye maziphathwe ngokulinganayo [icandelo 6(4)].

- Umbuso awunakho ukubandlulula ngokungenafeya ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokuthanga ngqo ngakuye nakubani na kumhlaba omnye okanye ngaphezulu, kuquka ... ulwimi [icandelo 9(3)].

- Wonke ubani unelungelo lokusebenzisa ulwimi kwanokuthabatha inxaxheba kubomi benkcubeko aythandayo, kodwa akukho bani osebenzisa al malungelo ungakwenza oku ngendlela engangqinelaniyo naso nasiphi na isibonelelo soMqulu waMalungelo oLuntu [icandelo 30].

- Wonke ubani obekwe ityala unelungelo lovavanyo-tyala olunefeya, oluquka ilungelo lokuvavanywa ngolwimi olulandelwa ngulowo utyholwayo okanye, ukuba oko akusebenzi, iinkqubo zitolikwe ngolo lwimi [icandelo 35(3)(k)].

- Nanini na [icandelo 35] kufuneka ulwazi lunikezelwe emntwini, olo lwazi malunikezelwe ngolwimi olwaziwa nguloo mntu [icandelo 35(4)].

Kumdla wenguqu yenkqubo yethu yezomthetho (ngokuhambelana neCandelo 9(2) loMgaqo-siseko) ngembono:

- yebhentshi eneyantlukwano nemelwe ngokongezelelweyo;

- yeenkundla zomthetho ezifikeleleka ngakumbi, kwanomsebenzi wezomthetho ovuleleke nocwangciswe ngeyona ndlela;

- yobandakanyeko nentathonxaxheba eyongezelelekileyo yoluntu kwiinkqubo zomthetho; kunye

- nenkqubo yezomthetho ehambelana ngakumbi nenkcubeko yemveli namasiko ezomthetho, ukuze bonke abemi boMzantsi Afrika bazayamanise nayo.

Ngokubhekiselele kwiSiseko soMgaqo-nkqubo woLwimi weSizwe (2002), othi:

- Ngemvumelwano, icandelo ngalinye likarhulumente malivumelane ngolwimi (iilwimi) zokusebenza (ukulungiselela iinjongo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle esebeni zonxibelelwano); kuxhomekeka ukuba apho kwenzeka khona akukho mntu uza kuthintelwa ukuba asebenzise ulwimi (iilwimi) okanye alukethayo [icandelo 2.4.6.1].

- Ukulungiselela iinjongo zembalelwano, ulwimi olukhethwa ngabemi malusetyenziswe. Unxibelelwano lomlomo malwenzeke ngolwimi olusemthethweni oluthandwayo lwabo kubhekiswa kubo [icandelo 2.4.6.2].

- Inkqubo yopapasho yeelwimi ezininzi ezisebenzayo kufuneka ilandelwe ngamasebe karhulumente kazwelonke kwiimeko ezingafuni lupapasho kuzo zonke iilwimi ezili-11 ezisemthethweni [icandelo 2.4.6.3].

- Apho umsebenzi obonakalayo nozinzileyo karhulumente kulo naliphi na inqanaba ufuna unxibelelwano olucetywe ngendlela lolwazi, kufuneka lupapashwe ngazo zonke zoli-11 iilwimi ezisemthethweni kwaye, kumaphondo, ngazo zonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni ezichaziweyo kwiPhondo [icandelo 2.4.6.4].

- Kwiimeko apho amaxwebhu karhulumente engazi kwenziwa ukuba afumaneke ngazo zonke zoli-11 iilwimi ezisemthethweni, urhulumente kazwelonke makapapashe amaxwebhu kunye ubuncinane ngeellwimi ezintandathu. Uchongo lweelwimi luza kuba ngolu hlobo:

• Ubuncinane olunye kwiqela lesiNguni group (isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu and siSwati);

• Ubuncinane olunye kwiqela lesiSotho (iSepedi, iSesotho, iSetswana);

• iTshivenda;

• iXitsonga;

• isiNgesi; kunye

• nesiBhulu [icandelo 2.4.6.5].

- Umgaqo womjikelo kufuneka usetyenziswe xa kuchongwa illwimi ukulungiselela amaxwebhu karhulumente kumaqela esiNguni nesiSotho [icandelo 2.4.6.6].

Xa kuthatyathelwa ingqalelo iZikhokelo zePan South African Language Board zoCwangciso loLwimi noPhuhliso loMgaqo-nkqubo (Matshi 2001), ngeMigaqo-nkqubo yayo ePhambili (§2)

- Yeelwimi ezininzi ezisebenzayo;

- Yobulungisa kwezentlalo kwanofikelelo olulinganayo lweenkonzo zoluntu, imithombo neenkqubo;

- Yokhetho lolwimi(s), usetyenziso nesakhono sabo kubhekiswa kubo;

- Yolwamkelo oluphangaleleyo lweyantlukwano yeelwimi;

- Ulwamkelo lwamalungelo eelwimi;

- Uvavanyo nophindaphindo lwarhoqo (lwexesha elifutshane, eliphakathi nelide);

- Ubumvoco;

- Ukungafihlisi, ukuvuma ... ukuququzelela iyantlukwano yeelwimi; kunye

- Nokuzibophelela ekuhlonipheni ulwimi nenkcubeko yabanye.

Kwimihlaba apho iiNjongo eziPhambili zoPhuhliso loMgaqo-nkqubo woLwimi (§4) zichongwa njengezi, phakathi kwezinye,

- Usetyenziso lobuncinane iilwimi ezimbini kwezilishumi elinanye kwezisemthethweni zaseMzantsi Afrika;

- ususo olunenkqubela lokungalingani kwanokusilela kolungelelaniso ngokubhekiselele kwiilwimi zemveli;

- ususo olunenkqubela lwezithinteli zolwimi kwintathonxaxheba kubomi bezopolitiko, obezenkcubeko, obezentlalo nobezoqoqosho;

- unxibelelwano olululo kumasebe naphakathi kwamasebe karhulumente kananjalo nakufikelelo kwiinkonzo, imithombo, iinkqubo, ulwazi kubo bonke abantu baseMzantsi Afrika;

- [ukuqatshelwa] kwawo onke amanqwanqwa karhulumente njengahlukeneyo kodwa enxulumene kwaye elinye lixhomekeke kwelinye; kunye

- [nokuqinisekiswa] koxanduva lomgaqo-siseko lolwimi njengoxanduva oluphambili lukarhulumente olufuna ucwangciso olunenkathalo nomiselo olucwangcisiweyo.

Luchonga iiMpawu eziPhambili zeeLwimi eziNinzi eziSebenzayo (§5)

- njengokubonisana nababandakanyekayo abaphambili;

- uhlalutyo olululo lweziphumo zenkqubo yokubonisana;

- ukuzibophelela ekuvavanyeni umgaqo-nkqubo ophakanyisiweyo ngomsebenzi; kunye

- nokubophelela ekuphindeni kusetyenzwe kulungiswe umgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi ngokuhamba kwexesha,

kunye "nomgaqo-nkqubo ophezulu ... [wokusebenzisa] ubuncinane iilwimi ezimbini ezikhethwayo ezisemthethweni".

Kwanondulula (§5) "Ukhetho lobuncinane iilwimi ezimbini ezikhethwayo kodwa kungathandwa ukuba zibe ntathu (okanye ezine iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zenza oku kube yimfuneko) ... kusekelezelwe kuphando lolwimi olukhethwayo, usetyenziso nesakhono sabo kubhekiswa kubo".

Kunye nangenxa yenkqubo yezomthetho esebenza nenobulungisa ngakumbi kwanomsebenzi wezomthetho ofaka ngaphakathi ubulungisa nomoya woMgaqo-siseko.

Senza isimemelelo esizimiseleyo kwiSebe lezoBulungisa kunye neKomiti yeejaji ekufuneka icebise iSebe ngomgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi weenkundla zomthetho ukuba zamkele oku kulandelayo njengamanqaku okuqalisa kunye neemfuno ezibubuncinane zomgaqo-nkqubo onjalo:

1. Lulunye kwiilwimi ezili-11 ezisemthethweni lungasetyenziswa njengolwimi lonxibelelwano kuzo zonke iinkundla zomthetho, nguye nabani na, kuyo yonke imisebenzi, kuquka izigwebo, iingxoxo ezibekwa ngabathetheleli kwezomthetho, amaxwebhu enkundla, kwanokunika ubungqina.

2. Ukuba ubani obandakanyeka etyaleni akalulandeli olunye lweelwimi ezisetyenziswayo, itoliki kufuneka abonelelwe ngayo loo mntu.

3. Izigwebo, iingxoxo zabathetheleli kwezomthetho, amaxwebhu enkundla kunye nobungqina abutolikwa buguqulelwe esiNgesini okanye esiBhulwini (okanye olunye ulwimi) xa bunikezelwa ngolunye ulwimi olusemthethweni olulandelwa ngabo bonke ababandakanyeka etyaleni.

4. Izigwebo ezixelwayo mazipapashwe kubuncinane kwiilwimi ezimbini ezisemthethweni, olunye ekufuneka ibe lulwimi esithe isigwebo sanikezelwa ngalo.

5. Kumatyala apho inkonzo yotoliko isetyenziswa, imizuzu yeenkqubo zenkundla mayibanjwe ngolwimi okanye iilwimi ezisetyenziswe kwiinkqubo endaweni yolwimi okanye iilwimi ezitolikwa ngazo.

6. Ulwazi ekufuneka lubonelelwe kubani yinkundla kufuneka lubonelelwe ngolwimi okanye iilwimi ezilandelwa ngulo mntu.

7. Xa kusonyulwa, kusonyuselwa okanye kubekwa iijaji, iimantyi nabatshutshisi boluntu, usetyenziso lweelwimi ezininzi – ukutsho oko ulwazi lweelwimi ezininzi ezisemthethweni – luthatyathwa njengesindululo esiphambili, kwaye nokuba ingqwalasela iyanikezelwa kwiilwimi ezimelwe kakhulu, ngokwenani labantu balo ndawo, apho umntu aza kuba exelenga khona.

8. Xa kunikwa uxanduva lwamatyala, isakhono sejaji, semantyi okanye umtshutshisi woluntu okanye ukusilela kwesakhono sabo kulwimi okanye iilwimi ezifanelekileyo kuthatyathelwa ingqalelo.

9. Icandelo leelwimi ezininzi lingeniswa kuqeqesho lweengcali zezomthetho, kwaye nemfuno yeelwimi ezininzi iyaqukwa kwiimeko zokungena (okutsha) kwikhono lezomthetho.

10. Iyunithi enemithombo eyeneleyo neyobungcali yolwimi mayisekwe ukuncedisa iinkundla ngoguqulo lweerekhodi zeenkundla zezomthetho kunye namaxwebhu asezinkundleni kunye noshicilelo lwemizuzu kananjalo nophononongo kwanolungiso lomgaqo-nkqubo wolwimi ezinkundleni.

11. Amathuba amaninzi nangcono oqeqesho nophakanyiso lwenziwa lube khona kwiitoliki zasezinkundleni zomthetho; inani leetoliki zasezinkundleni zomthetho landiswe, kwaye intlawulo-mivuzo yazo iphuculwe.

12. UCwangciso luqhutywa ngembono yosetyenziso ekugqibeleni lwazo zonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni njengeelwimi ezisebenzayo kuqeqesho lwezomthetho kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo kwanobonelelo lwesigama sezomthetho kunye nezixhobo zokufunda kuzo zonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni.

13. Unyamezelwano nosetyenziso olukhulu lweyantlukwano kwiilwimi ngala manyathelo angentla lubonwa kwaye luthatyathwa njengesakhi esibalulekileyo senkqubo yonikezelo lwamathuba kwabo babewavinjiwe ngaphambili kwikhono lezomthetho kwanenguqu kwibhentshi.

Okokugqibela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba inkqubo equkayo neyedemokrasi yoboniswano loluntu iqaliswe phambi kokuba izigqibo ezihambele phambili zenziwe malunga nolwimi ezinkundleni zezomthetho.

Sikhutshwe ngu:

Mhlobo Jadezweni (usihlalo),
Alet van Huyssteen (usekela-sihlalo),
Annette Humphries Heyns (unondyebo),
Gerrit Brand (unobhala),
Werner Scholtz (igosa lezonxibelelwano),
Pedro Dausab, kunye
noZanele Mbude

egameni loMbutho weeLwimi eziNinzi (i-MAG)

*Xa ufuna ulwazi oluthe vetshe nge-MAG, yiya ku www.imag.org.za.